Geois du marais



- NI'TED STATES PATENT OFFIGE.

MARIE EDOUARD BOURGEOIS DU MARAIS, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

ART OF PUMPING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 530,754, dated December11, 1894.

Application flied April 26, 1893- Serial No. 471,954. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MARIE EDOUARD BOUR- GEOIS DU MARAIS, a citizen ofthe Republic of France, residing at Paris, in said Republic, haveinvented a new and useful Improve: ment in the Art of Pumping, of whichthe following is a specification.

This invention relates to the art ofpumpfluids to any height in a moreeconomical manner than is possible by methods heretofore used or known.This object is attained by causing the continuous upward flow of fluids(the rate of such flow may be variable) by imparting to a column thereofby rapidly successive lifting impulses a velocity such kept in thecolumn to-the place of discharge (or nearly so), and escaping into theatmosphere.

In carrying my invention into efiect, I prefer to use a pump of thesimplest and strongest construction. I do not show any form of pumpherewith, as the .same forms no part of I this invention. However, Irecommend a pump of the class known as the hollow plunger or pistonform, the valve and piston having a section equal to (or substantiallyso) the section of the delivery pipe. The valve may be of any suitableconstruction, but I recommend the general type of valve shown inUnitedStates Patent, dated May 23, 1882, and bearing number 258,250, grantedto OS- good. The discharge pipe should have no sudden turns; no suddenchange of section, no lateral space, and no pocket or enlarge.- mentwhere air can collect; and there should be no air-chamber on the-pump.All or any mg, and has for its object the pumping of of theseinjuriously affect the amount of discharge in the practice of my method.Under certainconditions, a foot valve is not 'neces sary to the pump instarting up; and in all cases, such a valve is not necessary in theoperation of the same after being started.

This will be referred to more at large hereinafter.

I recommend a pump formed of stationary suction and discharge pipesconnected by a chamber sufficiently large to permit of the valve-openingbeing as large as the section of the discharge pipe.

United States Patent, dated-January 7, 1873, numbered-13l,689, toLoretz, shows such an enlarged chamber for the valve; butthe type ofpump shown in United States Patent No. 11,70l, dated September 19, 1854,granted to vTapley, may be employed subject to the limitations abovenoted. Other formsof pumps maybe used in the-practice of myinvention,,but it is not necessary to describe them herein.

For the purpose of giving elasticity to the fluid-column I cause air toenter the same either above orbelow the point of impulsion,

bu-t I prefer to introduce air in the fluid-column in bubblesbelplthepiston. The efiects of the presence of this air are the diminution ofthe specific gravity and friction of the column, and the prevention ofshock to-theapparatus byacting as a cushion. Further the fluid isprojected forward almost Without friction, owing to the continuouspropagation of elastic waves (due to the action of the piston incom-pressing the air during the up-strokes) which become co-generativeof the acceleration by its alternate compressions and dilations in allparts of the ascending column, thus contributing very materially to themain- .tenance of the acquired velocity. Thisaircushion stores, so tospeak, the biz; viva eommunicated by the piston..restoring it to thecolumn afterward. Thus,-the loss of ois mm due to shocks, and to thetransformation of external into internal work, is very largely 5avoided; (Means for introducing air into the suction pipe of a pump isshown in United States Patent, dated October 2, 1877, hearing number195,800, granted to Gregier.)

. It has been stated above that a foot valve is only necessary instarting up under certain conditions, and at no other times. If thedistance to the surface of the fluid from the piston does not exceedfour feet (nearly) afoot valve in starting up is not required, for theascension of the piston draws the fluid into the pipe, the air escapinglargely on the down stroke, and the fluid also sinking somewhat. Underthe rapid strokes of the pump, there is set up an oscillatory motion ofthe fluid which approaches more and more to the piston until it reachesit, after which the fluid flows into the discharge pipe; and thecontinuous flow begins. Then the said distance is greater than thatstated, a foot valve is required in starting (assuming the suction pipeto be not charged), but as soon as the continuous flowbegins, the saidvalve stands open, for the fluid discharged is replaced by the fluidflowing continuously from all sides into the suction pipe.

The delivery pipe may have a curved portion through which therodconnected with the piston may pass. This rod may be connected to anysuitable motor'for operating the pump.

The only condition afiecting the length of strokeis that governing theimparted velocity above stated. A

By operating a pump in accordance with this invention, the quantity offluid delivered is greater than the piston displacement as calculated bythe common methods of so doing, other things being equal; that is tosay, the common formulas for such calculations are not applicable whenpumps are operated according to this invention. New formulas conformingto the different conditions are re quired. Further,I discharge fluids atheights far above thirty-three feet without the use of a foot-valve, anair-pressurechamber, or other accessories. A series of careful andexhaustive tests of the method, with heights of delivery of about fifty(50) and of about one hundred (100) feet, show that the method becomesmore eflicient as the height of-deliver increases.

I will now briefly indicate the laws governing my method. Let usconsider a fluid cylinder and suppose that a vertical upward motion beimparted to it by an upward vertical effort exerted on its base.

Let V be the velocity it has acquired at the moment when this upwardimpulsion ceases to act. After a time t, its velocity will have become(1.) n=V-g if, the acceleration due to gravity being represented by g.\Vere other forces besides gravity to act, in a general manner, we wouldhave (2.) o--V--f tthe retardation due to all causes being representedbyf. If this upward impulse has been caused by a piston (having a propervalve) driven by a crank of diameter d and making n revolutions persecond,the velocity of the piston after any given time 25 will be (3.)v'zrr d n cos. a-

(a being the angle of the crank at any moment) the origin being, bypreference, the line in the plane of rotation which passes through theaxis ofrotation of the crank perpendicularly to the axis of the pump.Since the motion of the crank is or may be uniform, (4.) a=n 360 t.Since the variations of the velocity Q) will be the same for eachrevolution, one may express the time in fractions of the circumferenceof a circle and need not consider more than one revolution. There beingn revolutions per second, the time of one revolution is calling 0 thefraction of the circumference corresponding to a time If,

we have izg. Equation (4) thus becomes (5) n X 360 =3GO0 and (3)becomes(6).o:

ever (10) n d n cos. (36O(9):1: (Zn-fig. The two equations 11.) Y= a 'ncos. (3609)=?r a n sin [n360t].

when constructed, show, by the dilferences of their correspondingordinates (Y-Y) for any given abscissa, the total quantity of fluidwhich has passed above the valve up to that instant.

The pump may act in any direction, as vertically, horizontally or on anincline and the suction and discharge pipesbe placed vertically or on aninclination.

The number of lifting impulses per minute may vary within wide limits,as between two hundred and four hundred, or more.

The quantity of fuel required to pump a given bulk of water to a givenheight (say one hundred feet) is very much less than is required in thecase of an ordinary piston pump, discharging the same bulk at the sameheight, the element of time being disregarded. If We take that elementinto account and assume that both methods take the same time, my methodrequires a much smaller pump than the ordinary methods; while if i thepumps are of the same dimensions, my method requires far less time thanthe ordinary methods; that is to say, if one takes the quantity of fluiddelivered per unit of fuel consumed as the test of efiiciency, thepresent method requires less fuel than the methods heretofore used, andso is more economical. The quantity of air is to be regulated bysuitable means to suit the conditions of each case. Less air is requiredto be introduced as the height of discharge increases.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is p 1. That improvement in the artof pumping which consists in imparting to a fluidcolumn by rapidlysuccessive lifting impulses a velocity so great that the momentum ofsaid column is not lost v in'the time-intervals between said impulses,and in storing the energy of the impulses. and restoring the same to thecolumii'between said impulses and in rendering the column elasticthroughout its length or substantially so by mingling air-bubblestherewith, which air-bubbles remain in and form part of the column to ornear the place of discharge thereof andescape into the atmosphere,whereby thelosses due to shock and the transformation of external intointernalwork are lessened or avoided and the 'vis viva is conserved,substantially as and for the'purposes set forth. 2. That improvement inthe art of pumping which consists in imparting to a fluidcolumn byrapidly successive lifting impulses a velocity so great that themomentum of said column is not lost in the time-intervals between saidimpulses, and .in storing the energy of the impulses and restoring thesame to the-column between said impulses and in rendering the columnelastic throughout its length or'substantially so by introducingair-bubbles therein at a point between the starting place thereof andthe point of impulsion, which air-bubbles remain in and form part'of thecolumn to or near the place of discharge thereof, whereby the Iossesdueto shock and the transformation of external into internal work arereduced or avoided and the m's viva is conserved, substantially as andfor the purposes set forth.

MARIE EDOUARD BOURGEOIS DU MARAIS.

